Cinema of Pakistan
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The Cinema of Pakistan, popularly known as, Lollywood (Urdu: لالی وڈ) refers to Pakistan's film industry. The name is a portmanteau of Lahore and Hollywood. Additionally, Lollywood is known as Urdu cinema because most of its feature films are shot in Urdu, the national language of Pakistan. The use of English with Urdu has produced a new ambience in Pakistani films. A few films have even been made using two, or three different languages, this code switching is meant to signify a marker of youth or social mobility of a character in a film.
In 1947, Pakistan established three film production centres in: Lahore, Karachi, and Dacca. These three centres supported and competed against each other. Indian films were also released in Pakistani cinemas, and Pakistani films were shown in India. However, at present, Lollywood has suffered from a series of issues that have almost caused a once thriving industry to cease to exist. [1]. The Dacca centre has broken away and the Karachi centre has collapsed leaving Lahore as the sole focus of the film industry.Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Pre-formation
1.2 The 1950s
1.3 The 1960s
1.4 The 1970s
1.5 The 1980s
1.6 The 1990s
1.7 The 21st Century
2 Issues
2.1 Indian film ban
2.2 Loss of Dhaka
2.3 Rivalry instead of Competition
2.4 Loss of Cinemas
2.5 Taxes
2.6 Censor policy
2.7 VCR introduction
2.8 Revival attempts
3 Pakistan's First Cineplex
4 Current Releases
4.1 Khuda Ke Liye (In The Name of God)
4.2 Ramchand Pakistani
4.3 Zibahkhana (Hell's Ground)
4.4 Freedom Sound
4.5 The Untitled Jami Project
4.6 Spate
5 See also
6 External links
7 References
[edit]
History
See also: List of Pakistani films
[edit]
Pre-formation
During the 1930s, films made in Lahore were strongly influenced by those made in Hollywood, not just with respect to their stories or action or drama, but also the acting, the makeup, and the wardrobe selection.[citation needed]
With this progressive intention, A.R. Kardar and M. Ismail started a studio named United People’s in Lahore.[citation needed] Actors who worked for the studios included Heera Laal, Gul Hameed, Nazeer, Pran and Ahmed Deen, while the actresses were mainly Kaushalya Devi, Gulzaar and Mumtaaz. Many of the films produced had English titles, although Urdu titles were also used. Indian cinema workers succeeded in equipping themselves with the needed technology, and started producing films with sound earlier than the Pakistani cinema did.[citation needed]
In Lahore, the pioneer of films with sound was Hakeem Ram Parsaad, who made Heer Raajha (1932), starring M. Ismail, Rafiq Ghaznavi, Nazeer, and Anwari. This was the last film directed by Kardar in Lahore; from here, he moved to Calcutta and then to Bombay.
[edit]
The 1950s
On August 7, 1948, the first Pakistani feature film, Teri Yaad, premièred at the Parbhat Theater in Lahore. It starred Asha Posley as the heroine and Nasir Khan, who was Dilip Kumar's brother, as the hero. The lyrics were written and the music was composed by Inayat Ali Nath. The film was produced by Dewan Pictures, owned by Dewan Sardari Lal, and directed by Daud Chand.
Over the next few years, the Lahore-made films would establish audience patronage in the local theatres. On April 7, 1950, a film called Do Ansoo was released and became the first Pakistani Urdu film to celebrate Silver Jubilee[citation needed] from the Pakistani film industry. It starred Santosh Kumar, Ajmal, and Allaudin as well as the newcomer actress Sabiha Khanum, who had also appeared in several other films over the previous months. The music was composed by Mubarak. Sheikh Lateef produced the film for Naubahar Films, and it was directed by Anwar Kamal Pasha.
On April 29, 1951, a film called Chanwey became the first film made by female director, Madam Noor Jehan[citation needed]. It starred her, along with Santosh Kumar, Jahangir, and Ghulam Muhammad. The music was composed by Feroz Nizami[citation needed]. The film was produced by Madam Noor Jehan's husband Syed Shaukat Hussain Rizvi for their own Shahnoor Studios, and the script was written by Imtiaz Ali Taj[citation needed].
Another landmark was achieved in the film industry, when an Urdu film called Sassi was released in June 3, 1954. It became the first Pakistani film to run for over 50 weeks and the film attained Golden Jubilee status[citation needed]. It starred Sabiha Khanum, Sudhir, Asha Posley, Nazar, and Saleem Raza. The music was composed by Baba G.A. Chishti. The film was produced by J. C. Anand for Ever Ready Productions, and directed by Daud Chand.
On March 12, 1956, a film Umar Marvi, was released by Fazlani Films. It became the first film made in the Sindhi language[citation needed]. It starred Nighat Sultana and Fazlani. The music was composed by Ghulam Nabi Lateef. The film was produced by Fazlani and directed by Shaikh Hasan.
On July 17, 1958, film journalist Ilyas Rasheedi launched an annual event called the Nigar Awards[citation needed] for outstanding performance in various categories of film-making. The event was showcased to give awards recognizing the achievements of all who worked in the industry. It has become Pakistan’s premier movie award.[2]
